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Global Drifter Program
The Global Drifter Program (GDP) (formerly known as the Surface Velocity Program (SVP)) is the principal component of the Global Surface Drifting Buoy Array, a branch of NOAA's Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)〔(Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) )〕 and a scientific project of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP).〔(Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP) )〕〔http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/gdp_objectives.php〕 The project originated in February 1979 as part of the TOGA/Equatorial Pacific Ocean Circulation Experiment (EPOCS) and the first large-scale deployment of drifters was in 1988 with the goal of mapping the tropical Pacific Ocean's surface circulation.〔 The goal of the project is to use 1250 satellite-tracked surface drifting buoys to meet the need for an accurate and globally dense set of in-situ observations of mixed layer currents, sea surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, winds and salinity, as well as create a system to process this amount of data.〔 The GDP program is also important because the horizontal transports in the oceanic mixed layer are relevant to biological and chemical processes〔Grodsky, Semyon A., Rick Lumpkin, and James A. Carton. "Spurious trends in global surface drifter currents." ''Geophysical Research Letters'' 38.10 (2011).〕
==Drifters==
Drifters began being deployed for the SVP project in 1979 and the current design was developed from 1979 to 1992 until the current design was created.〔Lumpkin, R. and M. Pazos, 2006: Measuring surface currents with Surface Velocity Program drifters: the instrument, its data, and some recent results. Chapter two of Lagrangian Analysis and Prediction of Coastal and Ocean Dynamics (LAPCOD) ed. A. Griffa, A. D. Kirwan, A. J. Mariano, T. Ozgokmen, and T. Rossby.〕 The drifters are spherical surface buoys with a nylon drogue attached that allows for them to track the horizontal motion of water at an optimum depth of 15 m.〔 One known source of error is the drogue breaking and the wind speed having more of an influence on the buoy.〔 A tether strain gauge has been added to monitor tension of the buoy-drogue connection to resolve this issue.〔 The original drifters are heavy, bulky (40 cm diameter), and expensive relative to the newer "mini" drifters that are smaller, (30.5 cm diameter) cheaper, and lighter because the hull contains fewer batteries.〔 The surface float contains alkaline batteries, a satellite transmitter, a thermistor for sub-skin sea surface temperature, as well as other instruments that could be useful in measuring pressure, wind speed and direction and salinity.〔 The drifters are deployed from research vessels, volunteer ships, and through air deployment.〔 The drifters typically transmit their data hourly and have an average lifetime of ~485 days in 2001.〔 Presently, there has been enough data gathered to observe currents at a resolution of 1 degree.〔 Single drifters can be (tracked ) with the name of the drifter.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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